In today’s digital age, cybersecurity has become a crucial aspect of education. Schools, like other organizations, are increasingly reliant on technology for learning, administration and communication. Classrooms are equipped with smart boards, students use tablets and laptops for their studies, and administrative tasks are managed through a mixture of onsite and cloud-based software systems. This technological integration has enhanced the learning experience, streamlined operations, and improved communication within educational communities.
However, there is a dark side to this story.
Cyberattacks on educational institutions have been on the rise, targeting sensitive information such as student records that contain a massive amount of personal data (name, address, date of birth, social security number, parent or guardian details, contact details, etc.) financial data, and intellectual property. Common threats include phishing scams, ransomware attacks, data breaches, and malware infections. These cyber incidents can disrupt the educational process, compromise personal information, and can in some cases, lead to substantial financial costs. In fact, over the five-year period from 2018-2023, the U.S. education sector experienced 386 documented cyber attacks, resulting in $35.1 billion in losses.
A culture of cybersecurity awareness is essential, where everyone understands their role in protecting digital assets. This involves not only the IT department but also educators, administrators, and students. Proper training, secure practices, and monitoring are key components of a robust cybersecurity strategy.
As K-12 districts and higher education IT teams prepare for the next school year, here are five essential tips to help keep your school’s cybersecurity robust and effective. By following these guidelines, schools can help create a safer digital environment, ensuring that educational activities proceed without interruption and sensitive data remains protected.
1. Comprehensive Training for Everyone
Cybersecurity is not just the responsibility of the IT department; it’s a collective responsibility that involves every student, teacher and staff member. Effective training programs can help everyone understand their role in maintaining cybersecurity. Key elements of a good training program should include:
- Phishing Awareness: Phishing is one of the most common cyber threats. Training should include how to recognize phishing emails and messages, and what actions to take if one is encountered. Train everyone to look out for suspicious links, unexpected attachments, and requests for sensitive information.
- Safe Internet Practices: Educate everyone on safe browsing habits, the importance of using secure websites (https://), and the dangers of downloading software from untrusted sources.
- Reporting Protocols: Make sure everyone knows how to report suspicious activities or breaches. Quick reporting can help reduce the damage caused by cyber incidents.
2. Implement Best Practices for Passwords and Authentication
Passwords are the first line of defense against unauthorized access. However, they need to be managed properly to be effective:
- Strong Passwords: Encourage the use of complex passwords that combine letters, numbers, and special characters. Avoid using easily guessable information such as birthdays or common words.
- Password Managers: Use password managers to generate and store complex passwords securely. This reduces the risk of passwords being forgotten or written down in insecure locations.
- Two-Factor Authentication (2FA): Implement 2FA wherever possible. This adds an extra layer of security by requiring a second form of verification, such as a code sent to a mobile device, in addition to the password.
Did you know that recent research and expert recommendations suggest that forcing users to change passwords regularly is no longer considered best practice? This is because such policies can lead to predictable password patterns and weaker overall security. Users often respond to frequent password changes by making minor alterations to existing passwords or reusing passwords across multiple sites, both of which can increase vulnerability to attacks.
3. Regular Updates and Maintenance of Legacy Systems
Outdated equipment and software can be a significant security risk. Legacy systems often lack the security features of newer technologies and may not receive updates that address vulnerabilities. To mitigate these risks:
- Regular Updates: Ensure that all software, including operating systems and applications, is regularly updated. Set up automatic updates where possible to ensure that you don’t miss critical patches.
- Upgrade Legacy Systems: Replace outdated hardware and software that can no longer be updated or supported. Modern systems are designed with more robust security features.
4. Robust Firewalls and Security Software
A strong defensive perimeter is essential to protect your school’s network from external threats:
- Firewalls: Implement and maintain robust firewall systems to monitor and control incoming and outgoing network traffic. Firewalls act as a barrier between your trusted internal network and untrusted external networks.
- Antivirus and Anti-Malware Software: Install reputable antivirus and anti-malware software on all devices. Ensure that this software is regularly updated to protect against the latest threats.
- Network Segmentation: Consider segmenting your network to limit the spread of any potential malware infection. For example, separate student and administrative networks to contain potential breaches.
5. Continuous Monitoring and Incident Response
Cybersecurity is an ongoing process that requires constant vigilance:
- Continuous Monitoring: Regularly monitor your network for unusual activity. Use intrusion detection systems (IDS) and intrusion prevention systems (IPS) to detect and respond to threats in real-time.
- Incident Response Plan: Develop and maintain an incident response plan that outlines the steps to take in the event of a cyber incident. This plan should include roles and responsibilities, communication protocols, and recovery procedures.
- Regular Drills and Reviews: Conduct regular drills to ensure everyone knows their role in the event of a breach. Periodically review and update the incident response plan to address new threats and vulnerabilities.
In addition to traditional cybersecurity measures, the advent of artificial intelligence (AI) has introduced new dynamics into the realm of digital security. AI offers significant benefits in cybersecurity, such as advanced threat detection, automated responses to cyber incidents, and predictive analytics to anticipate potential vulnerabilities. AI systems can analyze vast amounts of data at high speed, identifying patterns and anomalies that might indicate a cyber threat more quickly and accurately, than say a human analyst.
However, the integration of AI into cybersecurity also brings its own set of concerns. AI systems can be susceptible to attacks, where attackers manipulate data (give false information so the AI learns from tarnished bad data) ultimately misleading the AI, and there are ethical considerations regarding privacy and the use of AI in surveillance. Understanding both the potential and the risks of AI in cybersecurity is crucial for educational institutions. This topic, with its complex and evolving nature, warrants a deeper exploration and could be the focus of an entirely separate cybersecurity article.
Overall, cybersecurity is an ongoing effort that requires awareness, diligence, and proactive measures.
By adopting the above cybersecurity tips, schools can create a safer digital environment for both students and staff. Suitable training ensures that everyone is aware of their role in maintaining security, while strong passwords and authentication methods protect against unauthorized access. Regular updates and maintenance of systems help prevent vulnerabilities, and robust firewalls and security software provide a strong defense against external threats. Continuous monitoring and a well-prepared incident response plan ensure quick and effective action when needed.
By working together, we can protect our educational institutions from cyber threats and ensure a secure learning environment for all.
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Dr. Chris Spencer is the Chief Information Security Officer at Nomadix, and GlobalReach Technology, ASSA ABLOY companies, and has been a technology leader in the Wi-Fi industry for well over two decades. Previously the Chief Technology Officer for GlobalReach, for over 20 years, his team helped to design and build some of the world’s largest secure Wi-Fi networks, allowing seamless connectivity for users.
A recognized thought leader in best-practice secure, seamless sign-on experience, and the use of Passpoint (Hotspot 2.0), Chris has been involved in the specification, and delivery of Next Generation Hotspots (NGH), and has led and co-led several industry working groups for the Wireless Broadband Alliance (WBA), Hospitality Technology Next Generation (HTNG) and the Seamless Air Alliance (SAA).